The hydraulic system of a pallet truck relies on hydraulic oil to transfer pressure, converting power into mechanical energy. It is the core driving force that enables the forklift to lift and lower loads, playing a key role in the material handling process.
1. Components of the Hydraulic System:
- Hydraulic Pump: The pump draws oil from the tank and increases the pressure through a high-pressure pump, converting the mechanical energy of the motor into hydraulic energy.
- Hydraulic Cylinder: Known as the "actuator," the hydraulic cylinder receives high-pressure oil to push the piston, enabling the lifting and lowering of the pallet truck.
- Hydraulic Valve: The "control switch," which includes relief valves (to prevent excessive pressure) and directional valves (to control the direction of movement), controls the flow and pressure of the hydraulic oil.
- Oil Tank: Stores hydraulic oil.
- Oil Cylinder: Responsible for the transport of hydraulic fluid.
- Filter: Filters impurities from the hydraulic oil.
2. Core Working Process:
The power source (motor) is activated to drive the hydraulic pump.
The hydraulic pump draws hydraulic oil from the tank, pressurizes it, and delivers it to the directional valve through pipes.
The directional valve is controlled to switch the oil flow, allowing high-pressure oil to enter the hydraulic cylinder.
The high-pressure oil pushes the hydraulic cylinder piston upwards, lifting the forklift and its load.
The directional valve is controlled again to switch the oil flow, allowing the hydraulic oil to flow back to the tank, and the piston descends under gravity.
3. Common Hydraulic System Issues and Solutions:
Oil Leakage from Hydraulic Pump: Check the seals of the hydraulic pump. If damaged, they need to be replaced.
Sticking Hydraulic Cylinder: Check if there are any foreign objects blocking the hydraulic cylinder. If so, clean it.
Control Valve Malfunction: Check if the control valve is functioning properly. If not, replace or repair it.
Aging Oil Pipes: Check the oil pipes for signs of aging. If they are damaged, replace them.
Clogged Filter: Check if the filter is clogged. If so, clean or replace it.
4. Maintenance Tips:
- Regularly check the hydraulic oil level and top it up with the same type of hydraulic oil (do not mix different oils).
- Change the hydraulic oil and filter every 6-12 months to prevent impurities from wearing out components.
- Regularly inspect pipe joints and seals. Replace any leaking parts promptly to avoid pressure and hydraulic oil loss.
- This translation provides clear and easy-to-read language to help users understand how a pallet truck's hydraulic system works, its components, and how to maintain it effectively.